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一次搞懂!何時該說Sorry,何時該說Excuse me?
Oct 14th 2014, 10:15, by 世界公民文化中心

來源:hang_in_there@flickr, CC BY 2.0

我們的學生John上課時不小心把水打翻在外籍老師的筆記本上,情急之下,他順口說一句:Excuse me!

這句話一出口,他覺得又好像該說Sorry才對。

「到底是sorry還是excuse?」John問,英文學了一、二十年,但經常在這種簡單的不得了的情境上破功。

英國語文學家 Michael Swan在他的名著《Practical English Usage》中細分Excuse me與Sorry。

Excuse me通常在說或做可能令人不悅的事情之前使用,有「事先告知」,事前請求別人允許的意味:

"Excuse me" is asking for permission.
You say, "Excuse me" before doing something that might inconvenience someone.

而Sorry在說或做這種事情之後使用,表示歉意;事後要求原諒:

"Sorry" is asking for forgiveness.
You say "sorry" after having inconvenienced someone.

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美國人口語上使用Excuse的機率比sorry高很多,打擾別人用,吸引人注意時也用,來看幾個例子:

攀談時:Excuse me. Is this seat taken? (請問一下。這位子有人坐嗎?)
中途離席時:Excuse me for a moment. (容我失陪一下)
請別人讓路時:Excuse us, can we just get past? (對不起,可以借我們過一下嗎?)
不同意時:

A: "She is a good boss." (她是個好老闆。)
B: "Excuse me, but that's not true." (對不起,這與事實不符。)

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Sorry的使用時機,通常用在說話者:

「有不好的消息要告訴對方」
「幫不上忙」
「未達到對方期望」
「犯錯」

如果後面加了一個but,其實是非道歉的道歉。底下這句聽起來就有點攻擊性了:I'm sorry, but you will have to leave.(不好意思,但你必須離開。)

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Excuse me和sorry在某些狀況下可以互用。別人講話我們沒聽清楚,可以用sorry,也可以用excuse me,但尾音的語調會提高。

聽以下A、B兩人的對話實况,幫助記憶:
A:It's the plumber at the door.(修水管的工人在門口了?)
B:Sorry? (什麽?)
A:I said it's the plumber(我說是修水管的工人。)

B說的Sorry? ,也可改說Excuse me?是要求對方再說一遍。說時請注意語氣語調,那個me是上揚的聲。 沒聽清楚別人的話,英國人更愛用pardon或I beg your pardon來表達。

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